Preface

This page describes the conventions used in this book.

Shell Prompts

This table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt. The examples use these prompts to indicate which type of user is running the example.

UserPrompt

Normal user

%

root

#

Typographic Conventions

This table shows various typographic conventions used throughout the text.

MeaningExamples

Data, sysctls, things to note.

1234, net.inet.ip.forwarding, em0

The names of files.

Edit .login.

On-screen computer output. Output highlighting.

You have mail.
Read it very closely.

What the user types, contrasted with on-screen computer output.

# ipfw add 100 check-state
00100 check-state :default

Manual page references.

Use su(1) to change user identity.

Emphasis levels

Emphasis. Stronger emphasis. Strongest emphasis.

Environment variables.

$HOME is set to the user’s home directory.

Notes, Tips, Important Information, Warnings, and Examples

Notes, warnings, and examples appear within the text.

Notes are represented like this, and contain information to take note of, as it may affect what the user does.

Tips are represented like this, and contain information helpful to the user, such as showing an easier way to do something.

Important information is represented like this. Typically, these show extra steps the user may need to take.

Warnings are represented like this, and contain information warning about possible damage if the instructions are not followed. This damage may be physical, to the hardware or the user, or it may be non-physical, such as the inadvertent deletion of important files.

Example 1. A Sample Example

Examples are represented like this, and typically contain examples showing a walkthrough, or the results of a particular action.