Dodatek A. Obtaining FreeBSD

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Table of Contents

A.1. CD and DVD Sets

FreeBSD CD and DVD sets are available from several online retailers:

A.2. FTP Sites

The official sources for FreeBSD are available via anonymous FTP from a worldwide set of mirror sites. The site ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ is available via HTTP and FTP. It is made up of many machines operated by the project cluster administrators and behind GeoDNS to direct users to the closest available mirror.

Additionally, FreeBSD is available via anonymous FTP from the following mirror sites. When obtaining FreeBSD via anonymous FTP, please try to use a nearby site. The mirror sites listed as "Primary Mirror Sites" typically have the entire FreeBSD archive (all the currently available versions for each of the architectures) but faster download speeds are probably available from a site that is in your country or region. The regional sites carry the most recent versions for the most popular architecture(s) but might not carry the entire FreeBSD archive. All sites provide access via anonymous FTP but some sites also provide access via other methods. The access methods available for each site are provided in parentheses after the hostname.

Central Servers, Primary Mirror Sites, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hong Kong, Ireland, Japan, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America.

(as of UTC)

Central Servers

ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp / ftpv6 / http://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ / http://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/)

Primary Mirror Sites

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <mirror-admin@FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Armenia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@am.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Australia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@au.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Austria

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@at.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Brazil

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@br.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Czech Republic

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@cz.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Denmark

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <staff@dotsrc.org> for this domain.

Estonia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@ee.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Finland

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@fi.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

France

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@fr.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Germany

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <de-bsd-hubs@de.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Greece

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@gr.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Hong Kong

ftp://ftp.hk.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/ (ftp)

Ireland

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@ie.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Japan

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@jp.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Korea

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@kr.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Latvia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@lv.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Lithuania

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@lt.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Netherlands

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@nl.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

New Zealand

Norway

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@no.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Poland

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@pl.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Russia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@ru.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Saudi Arabia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <ftpadmin@isu.net.sa> for this domain.

Slovenia

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@si.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

South Africa

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@za.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Spain

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@es.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Sweden

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@se.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Switzerland

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@ch.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Taiwan

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@tw.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

Ukraine

United Kingdom

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@uk.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

United States of America

In case of problems, please contact the hostmaster <hostmaster@us.FreeBSD.org> for this domain.

A.3. Using Subversion

A.3.1. Introduction

As of July 2012, FreeBSD uses Subversion as the only version control system for storing all of FreeBSD’s source code, documentation, and the Ports Collection.

Subversion is generally a developer tool. Users may prefer to use freebsd-update (“FreeBSD Update”) to update the FreeBSD base system, and portsnap (“Using the Ports Collection”) to update the FreeBSD Ports Collection.

This section demonstrates how to install Subversion on a FreeBSD system and use it to create a local copy of a FreeBSD repository. Additional information on the use of Subversion is included.

A.3.2. Root SSL Certificates

Installing security/ca_root_nss allows Subversion to verify the identity of HTTPS repository servers. The root SSL certificates can be installed from a port:

# cd /usr/ports/security/ca_root_nss
# make install clean

or as a package:

# pkg install ca_root_nss

A.3.3. Svnlite

A lightweight version of Subversion is already installed on FreeBSD as svnlite. The port or package version of Subversion is only needed if the Python or Perl API is needed, or if a later version of Subversion is desired.

The only difference from normal Subversion use is that the command name is svnlite.

A.3.4. Installation

If svnlite is unavailable or the full version of Subversion is needed, then it must be installed.

Subversion can be installed from the Ports Collection:

# cd /usr/ports/devel/subversion
# make install clean

Subversion can also be installed as a package:

# pkg install subversion

A.3.5. Running Subversion

To fetch a clean copy of the sources into a local directory, use svn. The files in this directory are called a local working copy.

Move or delete an existing destination directory before using checkout for the first time.

Checkout over an existing non-svn directory can cause conflicts between the existing files and those brought in from the repository.

Subversion uses URLs to designate a repository, taking the form of protocol://hostname/path. The first component of the path is the FreeBSD repository to access. There are three different repositories, base for the FreeBSD base system source code, ports for the Ports Collection, and doc for documentation. For example, the URL https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head/ specifies the main branch of the ports repository, using the https protocol.

A checkout from a given repository is performed with a command like this:

# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/repository/branch lwcdir

where:

  • repository is one of the Project repositories: base, ports, or doc.

  • branch depends on the repository used. ports and doc are mostly updated in the head branch, while base maintains the latest version of -CURRENT under head and the respective latest versions of the -STABLE branches under stable/9 (9.x) and stable/10 (10.x).

  • lwcdir is the target directory where the contents of the specified branch should be placed. This is usually /usr/ports for ports, /usr/src for base, and /usr/doc for doc.

This example checks out the Ports Collection from the FreeBSD repository using the HTTPS protocol, placing the local working copy in /usr/ports. If /usr/ports is already present but was not created by svn, remember to rename or delete it before the checkout.

# svn checkout https://svn.FreeBSD.org/ports/head /usr/ports

Because the initial checkout must download the full branch of the remote repository, it can take a while. Please be patient.

After the initial checkout, the local working copy can be updated by running:

# svn update lwcdir

To update /usr/ports created in the example above, use:

# svn update /usr/ports

The update is much quicker than a checkout, only transferring files that have changed.

An alternate way of updating the local working copy after checkout is provided by the Makefile in the /usr/ports, /usr/src, and /usr/doc directories. Set SVN_UPDATE and use the update target. For example, to update /usr/src:

# cd /usr/src
# make update SVN_UPDATE=yes

A.3.6. Subversion Mirror Sites

The FreeBSD Subversion repository is:

svn.FreeBSD.org

This is a publicly accessible mirror network that uses GeoDNS to select an appropriate back end server. To view the FreeBSD Subversion repositories through a browser, use https://svnweb.FreeBSD.org/.

HTTPS is the preferred protocol, but the security/ca_root_nss package will need to be installed in order to automatically validate certificates.

A.3.7. For More Information

For other information about using Subversion, please see the "Subversion Book", titled Version Control with Subversion, or the Subversion Documentation.

A.4. Using rsync

These sites make FreeBSD available through the rsync protocol. The rsync utility transfers only the differences between two sets of files. This is useful for mirror sites of the FreeBSD FTP server. The rsync suite is available for many operating systems, on FreeBSD, see the net/rsync port or use the package.

Czech Republic

rsync://ftp.cz.FreeBSD.org/

Available collections:

  • ftp: A partial mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

  • FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

Netherlands

rsync://ftp.nl.FreeBSD.org/

Available collections:

  • FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

Russia

rsync://ftp.mtu.ru/

Available collections:

  • FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

  • FreeBSD-Archive: The mirror of FreeBSD Archive FTP server.

Sweden

rsync://ftp4.se.freebsd.org/

Available collections:

  • FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

Taiwan

rsync://ftp.tw.FreeBSD.org/

rsync://ftp2.tw.FreeBSD.org/

rsync://ftp6.tw.FreeBSD.org/

Available collections:

  • FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

United Kingdom

rsync://rsync.mirrorservice.org/

Available collections:

  • ftp.freebsd.org: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

United States of America

rsync://ftp-master.FreeBSD.org/

This server may only be used by FreeBSD primary mirror sites.

Available collections:

  • FreeBSD: The master archive of the FreeBSD FTP server.

  • acl: The FreeBSD master ACL list.

    rsync://ftp13.FreeBSD.org/

    Available collections:

  • FreeBSD: A full mirror of the FreeBSD FTP server.

Last modified on: 9 marca 2024 by Danilo G. Baio

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